Section

Language Parts

Each part recapitulates the core concepts in a concrete language, exposing what pseudocode hides — memory, typing, error models.

Part I — CS1 concepts in C, emphasizing pointers, manual memory, structs, and error codes.

Part II — CS1 concepts in Java, emphasizing objects, exceptions, equals/hashCode, and lambdas.

Part III — CS1 concepts in PHP, emphasizing type juggling, associative arrays, and web-oriented I/O.